#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
	int n,s[10][10],sum=0,j=0;
	int a[10][10] = {0};
	int dx[] = {0,1,0,-1};
	int dy[] = {1,0,-1,0};
	int dir = 0;
	int x = 0, y = -1;
	cin >> n;
	for(int i=1;i<=n*n;i++){
		int nx = x + dx[dir];
		int ny = y + dy[dir];
		if (nx >= n || ny >= n || nx < 0 || ny < 0 || a[nx][ny] != 0) {
			dir = (dir + 1) % 4;
			nx = x + dx[dir];
			ny = y + dy[dir];
		}
		
		
		a[nx][ny] = i;
		x = nx, y = ny;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			cout << setw(3) << a[i][j];
		}
		cout << '\n';
	} 
}

代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;
const int N=10010;
int a[N][N];
int k=1,x=1;
int n;
int y;
int main(){
	
	cin.sync_with_stdio(false);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cin>>n;
	while(k<=n*n){
		while(y<n&&!a[x][y+1]) a[x][++y]=k++;
		while(x<n&&!a[x+1][y]) a[++x][y]=k++;
		while(y>1&&!a[x][y-1]) a[x][--y]=k++;
		while(x>1&&!a[x-1][y]) a[--x][y]=k++;
	}
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			printf("%3d",a[i][j]);
		cout<<'\n';	
	}
		
	return 0;
}